KR2026Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and ReasoningProceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Lisbon, Portugal. July 20-23, 2026.

Edited by
  1. Renata Wassermann
  2. Marie-Laure Mugnier
  3. Franz Baader

ISSN: 2334-1033
ISBN: 978-1-956792-18-8

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Published by

Copyright © 2026 International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization

Identifying and Explaining (Non-)Equivalence of First-Order Logic Formulas

  1. Fabian Vehlken(Ruhr University Bochum)
  2. Thomas Zeume(Ruhr University Bochum)
  3. Emilio Carrasco Bustamante(TU Dortmund University)
  4. Maëlle Cornély(Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay)
  5. Lukas Pradel(Ruhr University Bochum)
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BibTeX
https://doi.org/10.24963/kr.2026/61

Keywords

  1. null-First-order logic
  2. null-Equivalence
  3. null-Vampire
  4. null-Beth definability

Abstract

First-order logic is the basis for many knowledge representation formalisms and methods. Providing technological support for learning to write first-order formulas for natural language specifications requires methods to test formulas for (non-)equivalence and to provide explanations for non-equivalence. We propose such methods based on both theoretical insights and existing tools, implement them, and report on experiments testing their effectiveness on a large educational data set with > 100.000 pairs of first-order formulas.